English: Identifier: diseasesofch00mcco

Title: Diseases of children for nurses Year: 1911 (1910s) Authors: McCombs, Robert Shelmerdine, 1880- [from old catalog] Subjects: Children Pediatric nursing Publisher: Philadelphia and London, W. B. Saunders company Contributing Library: The Library of Congress Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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Text Appearing Before Image: Fig. io.—Cross-section of a wooden incubator of simple construction, with glasslid (F): The air enters through the opening A, which can be regulated by means of adamper, passes over the bottles filled with hot water, the saturated sponge, and the ther-mometer, and escapes through the ventilator K. (Fruhwald and Westcott). The child is kept in the incubator until it reaches fullterm. Before removing, the temperature should begradually lowered. In feeding these children, gavage often has to be resortedto. At seven months of age h ounce should be givenevery hour and a half. At eight months J ounce at thesame intervals. In small full-term babies it is also necessary to maintainthe body heat. This is best accomplished by wrapping 36 DISEASES OF CHILDREN FOR NURSES them in cotton and blankets. Hot-water bottles mayalso be employed. ROUTINE EXAMINATIONS Temperature.—When taking the temperature of thechild it is not always possible to teach them to hold the

Text Appearing After Image: Fig. 11.—Method of taking the rectal temperature of an infant or young child (Kerr). thermometer in the mouth properly, and for young childrenand infants this method is impracticable. The rectum,the axilla, or the groin are then utilized for this purpose.The thermometer should be greased with ordinary vas-elin when introduced into the rectum and the temperaturemarked rectal on the chart or read one degree lowerthan the mercury indicates, as the local temperature in NURSING IN CHILDHOOD 37 that part is about one degree higher than in the mouth.If an infant struggles while taking a rectal temperature,turn it on its face, or hold its face downward on your knee.When the thermometer is inserted, with the child in thisposition, it should be pointed downward, toward the urn-bilicus, as the axis of the rectum has been changed.

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