Обсуждение:Экспериментальная АЭС Юлих

Перевод из украинской вики--Alpunin 06:56, 12 октября 2011 (UTC)

I don`t understand russian language but writing 2 new rector deigns free out of head for translation+new placement

Russians also speak english special if technicians. Russia has much types not bad VVER 1200 but still bad RBMK with same much damage in accident case only no wrong graphite toppings just some more stopp rods with bad stopp times (18-21s drive in -50/60% instead <2s -90%) and better neg. VOID but many scenarios relative unsecure with same behavior tube overpressure bursting roof and after graphite burning as main spreader with less containment, cooling redundancy... Next time using stoppsand as SiO2 + neutron absorber special HfC heavier sinking unmolten through or others out of list B, Si, Cd, In, Co, Hf, Sm, Dy, Gd, Yb, Th, Tm, Yb, Lu... also chemical connections with used B4C swimming upon corium and Pb not neccessary against gamma rays and too early melting just thick sand enough maybe with prepared sandstopp system or sand gun... Russia never did build a pebble bed and should do so with new THOR design using c11BN & SiC. Also new ODIN design much securer EPR... with lithium instead water also much more efficient with much cheaper price/GWe. Also fuel+stopprods combination with lithium possible but best with new c11BN pebbles and using Na or K instead Li combined with SiC fuel pebbles also fast breeder but with secure stoppsand core catcher. Also THOR with SiC pebbles secure fast breeder else both excellent slow thorium breeders with Odin better THOR about same old www.thtr.de ! 10B dividing done normally from 11B for use as neutron abSorber BUT USING 80% inside for making cBN is new super break through material for unburnable pebble bed with last main risk burning before else not needed active cooling or electricity for holding decay heat never exploding because of neg. temp. coefficient. as long as pebbles intact adding more density against outgoing of fission products because cBN like SiC layer before now for full peppble stable and dense up to 2800°C melting 2973°C instead porous burnable graphite >2500° C going weak. cBN price about 100$/kg not too expensive for example >0.5GWe about 400t just 40 mio. $ but end price 1 billion $ still cheap. c11BB also just as layer or with old QUADRISO particles or stand alone with/wthout pores expansion room. Lithium reacting with air and water but harmless with no water inside and not spreading also burned because all solid and heavy with surprising low price about 6$/l also good for divide circles with preheating >180°C but then highest specific thermal heat capacity of all earth alkali metals with huge temp. difference 180-1340°C and much morre thermal conductivity than water additionally excellent moderator with smalll kernel less absorption as 6Li/7Li or natural Li both stable isotopes. 6Li reaction to tritium just over 6MeV with fusion neutrons. Wished chemical binding, no solidification expansion much wished thermal expansion for thermal flow huge security reserve without need for pressure and less pressure also over boiling point compared to water or Na. Reaction with water rising H2 but no water inside and in- or outside not causing explosions like with water+Zr->H2 or overpressure. Water coming inside not wished but burning protection gas and stoppsand o higher than sand boiling point materials only melting secure sme sand until decay heat too low with much more passive heat away without pressure using HT-materials+Li+He... GERMANY ANTI ATOM BLOCKS MAJORITY WITH NO PARTY TOO CHOOSE BUT RUSSIA CAN BUILD WITH MUCH OIL+GAS+COAL MONEY AND MUCH OWN HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BACKGROUND CULTURE ! Normally also Odin opend less problem with lithium out and still closed c11BN/SiC pebbles not burning both near diamond hard unsoluble in water... Stopp+Fuel Pebbles two Sizes in/out all or single with sieves... standard ingenieuer work also all stopp pebbles <1s 2 systems. Moderating Li+moderating c11BN pebbles+W-reflector for less enrichment or highest thorium use optional also direct fuel insertion/extraction like molten salt reactor but just by density differences to lithium and mercury mixture at run time in quit flow side chamber further possible U233/Th232 dividing over melt/boil point. Always taken out fission products also Sm... reactor poisons for good running less maximum radioactivity inside at accident cases or holded secure all cases inside pebbles also at core catching closed under sand mountain. ... (REASK UNDER EMAIL ADDE$SS ! WITH RIGHTS MYSELF ON THAT ALSO NEW MATERIALS - BUYABLE and taking care licences yourself paying less first more later if build or sold in percent)

(I myslef needed time until coming on ideas like c11BN or Lithium as coolant and moderator with just 180°C preheating effort best & just surprising good surprising never used before staring myslef with NaK77+high pressure dense helium moderator also good but Li is beating, beryllium too rare and expensive, D2+T2 as gas explosive at end best Li also for dividing circles maybe here also NaK77 + pressure ? but eutecticums all expensive all disadvantages)

THOR He-c11BN/SiC-Li/NaK77-pebble bed VHTR unburnable with Full Zero Risk and more compact(++ODIN Li/Na/K-Li-c11BN/SiC-pebbles-pillar VHTR using lithium as excellent moderator + coolant) THOR He-c11BN/SiC-Li/NaK77-pebble bed VHTR unburnable with Full Zero Risk and more compact because density of cBN with isotope 11B or SiC is higher than for graphite. c11BN about same moderation like graphite but unburnable, stable and dense up to 2800°C (graphite weak >2500° and porous), melting 2973°C thermal conductivity >> copper 740W/(m*K), unsoluble in water, near diamond hard both hot harder diamond, density cBN 3,45 g·cm−3 graphite 2,1 - 2,3g/ccm SiC 3,21 g·cm−3, about 100$/kg for cBN without 10B/11B dividing, 10 mio t world borone reserves with 80% 11B and recycable. cBN is cubic borone nitride, SiC is silicium carbide. Pebbles can be fully out of c11BN because moderation like graphite without SiC layer against outgoing of the fission products like in 0.9mm TRISO or QUADRISO particles inside pebbles OR fully out of SiC for fast breed mode combined with tungsten reflector, instead also possible direct gas turbine construction divide circles with NaK77 eutecticum melting -12.6°C boiling 785°C (maybe pressurized) or preheated cheap (6$/l) lithium melting 180°C boiling 1340°C securer with high boiling point and best thermal capacity of all earth alkali metals out to mercury+water-steam turbines, 3*stopp <1s with stoppsandsystem and stopping not collecting bottom part, turnable stoppregulation rods with refelctor/aborber side inside neutrone cone inside tungsten side reflector turned to stopp by spring <1s holded el. magn. for run position, inner shorter stopp rods spring accelerated el. magn holded before falling through inner 11BN/W-tubes with holes between pebble bed <1s in middle additionally used normally as helium chimneys for inner thermal fan supported helium flow through pebble bed and holding W-basket up and all around down, wall out of W/Mo/ThC/U238C-steel with cooling rips outside, thick concrete, double wall out of Mo/W-steel with coolant Li/NaK77 all around and cBN-plates with cooling rips increasing surface to helium circle at top c11B/W side cBN bottom c10BN with W-reflector closed holes in basket against neutron lsos, inner stopp rods holded by W-rope for removing upwards and saving space in height, over pebble bed is stoppsand room also same colled with el. magn. holded flaps for stoppsand (SiO2+neutron absorbers) also in case of He-pressure loss with SiO2 holding < melt point 1715°C and boiling point >2200°C also erasing inner fire in case of graphite use. Security 100% for quake >12 tsunami > 100m and A380 crash because staying closed & opend still secure with He not radioactive&pebbles closed. Like other pebble beds negative temperature coefficient security and no need for active cooling & electricity. THOR description add: Walking way inside stoppsandroom with cooled between roof to pebble bed with machinery for turnable stoppregulation-rods and addable fans to passive thermal helium flow with engines there and exhangable bearings... for fans inside under closed entry with double bunkered doors also for helium refill and Xe, Kr extraction or for entry over flaps into inner pebble bed side also for exhausting stoppsand used as last reserve not dividable if upon after <1s in case of bunker blaster break through also erasing fires and overtaking better cooling than with helium without pressure in lost case. Inside also passive melting switches+bolts and mercury shock swap switches. THOR main block is seure also if turbines cut away and tubes there broken without any need for active cooling and any electricity in accident cases also extreme closed with special hard melting point rised steel+thick concrete+double steel+BN+W until unburnable, unsolubable and diamond hard c11BN-pebbles with stoppsand reached. Mercury turbines matching excellent with VHT used historically with only problem to low temperatures with coal today mercury amount to be saved because price high about 450$/l lithium 6$/l but with much higher efficiencies possible in combination with water steam turbines heated by water mercury condenser and turbine cooling. c11BN can be molten under inert gas in special stoven maybe also etched with not only fuel rest at high burn up rates interesting more 11B saving. At about 100$/kg for cBN maybe for masses later same price like for c11BN about 400t for >0.5GWE only 40 million $ with planned mass end price one billion $ same 2 billion $/GWe cheaper than EPR finnland 6 bill. €/1.6 GWe ! Using just tungsten for basket+side reflector+bettwen roof+inner hole tubes in combination with SiC pebbles most secure fast breeder ever build in world but also ODIN a securer fast breeder with stoppsand core catcher system add.

ODIN Li/Na/K-Li-c11BN/SiC-pebbles-pillar VHTR using lithium as excellent moderator + coolant & excellent security VOID for inner circle without fuel or stopp rods but stopp & fuel pebbles continiously in and out of inner thermal (+el. magn.pumped) lithium stream up through a tungsten reflector tube and around down. Again around up and down with Li-divide circles then to mercury+water-steam-turbines. 2 * stopp pebble insertion <1s at bottom and middle high, ADDITIONALLY stoppsand core catcher under inner circle tube out of HfC(3890°C)/TaHfC + cBN-plates and thick Mo/ZrO2/MgO with c11BN/SiC-pebbles rolling closed out until buried under stoppsandmountaion as secure sand melter until decay heat too low without build up of pressure and spreading risk opend, lithium also burned not spreading with burning protection gas like Xe, SF6 or cheap argon Ar, lithium is paramagnetic for contactless iot moving parts el. magn pumps. Between core tube, heat exchange and upon no free space left for compactness with 2-3*core heat transfer possibility up to boiling point 1340°C without pressure after falling moderation over bubbles called VOID the pressure holded with critical point (thermodynamic) 2950°C mercury ca. 1500°C water 374°C already. Lithium also binding tritium, bromine and iodine like wished, not expanding on solidification like expensive bismut(+eutecticums), high thermal expansion for thermal flow with He-filled expansion room for bubbles. Pebbles in/out over sieves... also quick insertion of stopp pebbles out of c10BN/c11BN with absorber or other material combinations with neutron absorbers like B,Si,In,Cd,Sm,Dy,Gd,Er,Th,Lu,Ho,Tm+xenon gas. USING Na or K instead Li with SiC pebbles fast breeder mode else high moderated for much thorium use or less enrichment fuel. ODIN description add: Up and down around tungsten reflector tube with some isolation between maybe concrete can be passive thermal with addable el. magn. pumping of preheted paramagnetic lithium. Around again heat exhange with as much as needed surface increament first up and around down the to the side to the turbines and back encolsed again with thick also isolating concrete also melting buffer before steels melting with outside coolimng rips steel again there but less spreading with less radioactive lithium & normally always closed c11BN or SiC pebbles not opening also at core catching time about >2000° bottom out spreaded and stopped with HfC/TaHfC-dome + huge (400m²?) cBN-plates spread area and thick sintered MgO(no water)/Mo/ZrO2 with passive heat movement optimized also to bottom over ankering Mo-steel rods and up to pillar into space of stoppsand store with energy going just into melting of sand taking much more energy than same volume of water without rising pressure and spread risk opend. Also el.magn divide circles pumping addable to also a security thermal flow and always passive heat away in high temp. area not melting not building up pressure or less holdable pressure then active cooling adds with secured electricity added. No graphite, no water inside, no pressure needed or not much build up all cases with also no active cooling or electricity neeed in emergeny cases. Stopping pebbles going inside without electricity needed for holding flap sieve that are holding the stopp-pebbles before against streming inside side chamber near bottom down area and middle high reserve system together <1s active. Fuel and stopp pebbles with 2 different sizes for selected extraction of all or just single pebbles with sieves insdie lithium main stream also relyable. Like for pebble bed normally about 10 times through over 3 years always measured for reinsertion/extraction with possible opening for out taking. ODIN don´t wasting space between core and heat exchange or for crane upon with long heat up way upwards inside tungsten relector tube inside lithium and long cool down way downwards with excellent cBN+Li heat movement for much more power same outer size than EPR and much more efficiency over high temp. collecting and using alls heat and the mercury + water steam combination with critical point mercury 1500°C. Possible exchange of Li with Na or K combined with SiC pebbles for fast breeder mode driven on lower temp. maybe under some higher pressure. Instead fuel pebbles also direct into lithium nuclear fuel insertion and extraction together with maybe chem. bound fission products possible In principle ODIN also running also with conventional stopp+ fuel rods using lithium and maybe c11BN/SiC cladding but pebbles later better ! EPR must wait until fuel rods molten and open for core catching with just 0.5m sacrifice concrete just under core and ZrO2 and just cheap early melting cast iron 170m² spread area with limited to less toilet water cooling system IRWST storing up much rad. pressured H2-water steam driven normally with just 325°C at 160bar and presure loss problem and overpressure problem later and H2 passive converters just holing <10% & explosive border 4% H2 in air instead secure Li/He+sand combination ! Unclear if generator snorkels quake proof >30m with diversitären gens. and melting switch for stopp rods in case of electronic failures added ? kayuweboehm(at)yahoo.de 91.10.100.235 16:18, 26 декабря 2012 (UTC)