Трипура (индуизм)

Трипура («три города») — описанные в священных текстах индуизма три города, возведённые зодчим богов Майясурой. Это были необыкновенно процветающие и могущественные города-крепости, подчинившие себе все три мира. Однако, они погрязли во грехе и по этой причине были разрушены Шивой, явившимся в образе Трипурантаки.

После смерти Таракасуры, погибшего от руки Карттикеи, его сыновья Таракакша, Видьюнмали и Камалакша совершили суровые аскезы ради удовлетворения Брахмы. Когда Брахма явился пред ними, братья попросили у него благословение обрести три вечные крепости, которые невозможно было бы покорить. Когда Брахма отметил, что в материальном мире ничего не вечно, братья попросили, чтобы крепости могли были быть разрушены лишь стрелой, выпущенной из лука Шивы. Брахма даровал им это благословение и огромные города-крепости были возведены зодчим богов Майясурой. Города соответственно были сделаны из железа, серебра и золота. Железный город был расположен на земле, а серебрянный и золотой — на небеных планетах. Города не стояли на месте, а разрозненно плавали в пространстве, выстраиваясь в одну линию на одну секунду раз в тысячу лет, когда накшатра Пушья встречалась с Луной. Таким образом братья были уверены в своей безопасности — ведь разрушить все три города одним выстрелом из лука за одну секунду казалось невозможным. Города эти славились своей роскошью. Множество асуров поселилось в них и наслаждалось жизнью.

Forebodings of the fall of Tripura

After several years of joy, the inherent evil tendencies of the Asuras surfaced once again and they began to oppress the good and torment the noble. In the meantime, Mayasura was engaged in the worship of Shiva. The rest of the demons attacked sages and the Devas and shattered the peace of the worlds. Finally, when Indra and the rest of the Devas despondently approached Lord Brahma for respite, Lord Brahma redirected them to Shiva and also informed them of the vulnerability of Tripura to a single arrow. Lord Shiva promised to help them and the Devas returned to combat the Asuras in a mighty war. They were also assisted by Nandi, the leader of Lord Shiva's Ganas. Even though Vidyunmali was slain by Nandi, and several other Asuras were killed in the war, they were revived by water in the pool of Tripura, which had magical powers.

Vishnu descends to help

As the furious war continued between the Asuras and the Devas, even the Earth began to slip from its place. Just as Brahma and Shiva were worrying about the Earth’s descent, the Protector god Vishnu, in the form of a massive boar, lifted the earth and restored it to its original place. He then entered Tripura and drank dry, the pool of magic water that rejuvenated the dead Asuras.

The destruction of Tripura

As the war raged on, Devas continued to struggle to match the Asuras, who used their magical powers to great effect in the war. One day the three cities aligned. Shiva ordered that a chariot be made from which he would battle the three demons.

The war-chariot designed for Shiva was different. Brahma was holding the reins. Vishnu was the arrow, and Agni was the tip of the arrow. Vayu was the inside the feathers on rear of the arrow. All other Devas had their own places and forms in the chariot. Just as the cities aligned, when the Pushya nakshatra positioned appropriately, Lord Shiva was about to strung the mighty bow, the Pinaka with the arrow, the Devas were overjoyed that Tripura was going to be destroyed because of them (because they were part of the war-chariot, without which Shiva cannot destroy).

Lord Shiva, knowing what the Devas were thinking, did not fire the arrow and just smiled. All the three purams were burned immediately. Shocked at this act, Brahma pleaded that Devas thought wrong and that Shiva should forgive and release the arrow, or else the Devas would have a permanent bad name and the reason behind making this chariot would become meaningless. Shiva then fired the arrow on the already burning Cities.

The Devas then understood:

1. Shiva can take the power of anyone/anything because it is his power that is already existing in first place.
2. Even though the boon granted was «one-arrow-one-shot and cities should be destroyed», Shiva has the ultimate power to rule them over.
3. Lord Shiva does not require a huge Chariot with Meru as bow, Vishnu as arrow etc. He could simply destroy/create anything even without moving his eyes.

The «smile and burn» act of Shiva in Tamil is beautifully called as «sirithu purameritha peruman» (God who laughed and burned the three purams)

Mayasura Protected

Lord Shiva immediately regretted his act, since he had forgotten to protect Maya, a great devotee of his. Realising this, Nandi raced ahead of the arrow and informed Maya of the impending doom. Instantly, Maya fled Tripura, leaving behind the great city he had constructed, which was immediately reduced to ashes, along with its inhabitants, the Asuras, by the great arrow of Shiva. This destruction of Tripura, led to the appellation Tripurantaka (त्रिपुरान्तक), for Shiva.