Саураштра

Саураштра (гудж. સૌરાષ્ટ્ર, хинди सौराष्ट्र), также Соратх — регион в Западной Индии, в современном индийском штате Гуджарат. Расположен на юге полуострова Катхиявар в Аравийском море. Северную часть полуострова занимает регион Кач. Первое упоминание о Саураштре содержится в «Перипле Эритрейского моря» (I век). В период мусульмансого господства, на территории Саураштры располагалось княжество Джунагадх. После получения Индией независимости в 1947 году, мусульманский правитель захотел, чтобы Джунагадх вошёл в состав Пакистана. Однако, преимущественно индуистское население княжества взбунтовалось. Был проведён плебисцит, в результате которого большинство поселения высказалось за то, чтобы Джунагадх вошёл в состав Индии.

В 1948 году 217 княжеств of Kathiawar and Saurashtra, including the former kingdom of Junagadh, were grouped together to form the state of Saurashtra in 1948. The capital of Saurashtra was Rajkot. Uchharangray Navalshankar Dhebar (1905—1977) became the first Chief Minister. He was succeeded by Rasiklal Umedchand Parikh (born 1910) on 19 December, 1954.

On November 1, 1956, Saurashtra was merged into Bombay state. And Bombay state called as State of Saurashtra also. In 1960 Bombay state was divided along linguistic lines into the new states of Gujarat and Maharashtra. The territory of Saurashtra, including that of the former kingdom of Sorath or Junagadh is now part of the state of Gujarat.

Language

Saurashtra (alternate names and spellings: Sourashtra, Sowrashtra, pattunulkaarar,Palkar, Saurashtri) is also the name of an Indo-Aryan language of Kathiawar-Saurashtra.

Communities

Saurashtra is home to a number of communities that are unique to the region. The Leuva Patel,Kadva Patel,Nagar Brahmins, Kathiawadi Memons, the Kathis and Khants, Turk Jamat Karadia Rajput, Koli are some of them. The Siddi are to this day unique with their roots in Africa.

Postage stamps

The first postage stamps of the state were issued for Junagadh in 1864. They consisted of three lines of Hindi script in colorless letters on black, and were produced by handstamping with watercolor ink. A second issue, in 1868 used colored letters, printed in black or red on several colors of paper.

The issue of 1877 was the first to include Latin letters; the circular design included the inscription «SORUTH POSTAGE» at the top, and «ONE ANNA OF A RUPEE» (or «FOUR ANNAS…») at the bottom. Some of these were surcharged in 1913-14, followed by redesigned stamps in 1914.

The next issue came in 1923, and featured a portrait of Nawab Mahabat Khan III, along with the inscription «SAURASHTRA POSTAGE». A set of eight stamps in 1929 including pictures of Junagadh, the Gir Lion, and the Kathi Horse in addition to the Nawab. In 1937 the one anna value was reissued reading «POSTAGE AND REVENUE».

The Indian province of Saurashtra did not design any of its own stamps, but before adopting the stamps of India, Saurashtra issued a court fee stamp overprinted for postal use, then created more one anna stamps by surcharging three stamps of the 1929 issue.

Литература

• Ron Wood, Soruth (Handbook of Indian Philately, Series 2, Hampshire, UK: The India Study Circle for Philately, 1999)