Identifier: elementsoftheory00will (find matches)
Title: Elements of the theory and practice of cookery : a text-book of household science for use in schools
Year: 1901 (1900s)
Authors: Williams, Mary E. (Mary Emma), 1853-1916 Fisher, Katharine Rolston Katherine Golden Bitting Collection on Gastronomy (Library of Congress) DLC
Subjects: Cookery cbk
Publisher: New York : Macmillan
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: Sloan Foundation

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ney damper should be soarranged that the opening in the stove-pipe is neverwholly closed. By closing the oven damper, the air heated in thefire-box is made to flow around the oven before enter-ing the chimney. By this means the oven is heated,and the force of the draft at the same time lessened by itshaving to make its way around corners. (Fig. 2, B.)Observe carefully the mechanism of the chimney dampers.In some ranges they are opened hy pulling the handlesout; in others hy pushiyig them in. The range in yourhome may differ in this respect from the one at school. 18. The check damper is in front of the fire-box.Opening it sends a stream of cold air across the top ofthe fire. Air admitted below the fire-box feeds the fireby parting with its oxygen as it passes through the fuel.Air admitted above the fire-box merely flows over theburning fuel and goes up the chimney before it has timeto part with its oxygen. Its effect is to check the fireby cooling it. 14 THEORY AND PRACTICE OF COOKERY
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EiG. 2. Diagrams of range : A, with oven damper open ; B, with oven damper closed ; F = fire-box ; A = ash-pan ; 0 = oven ; P = stove-pipe. Arrows show direction of air-currents. PREPARATORY LESSONS 15 HOAV TO MAKE A FiKE 19. Cleaning the fire-box. —1. Close all the dampersexcept the oven dampers. 2. Brush the ashes from the edge of the fire-box intothe fire-box, and put the lid on. 3. Turn the grate over, so as to dump the ashes intothe ash-pan. (If there is an ash-sifter in the range, theashes will fall upon this, and must afterward be siftedthrough it into the pan.) 20. Laying the fire. — 4. Lay the fire : — a. Fill the fire-box one-third full of shavings, orwisps of paper twisted in the middle so as to expose alarge surface to the air. h. On these lay small sticks of soft wood crosswise,or one bundle of such kindling as is sold by grocers inNew York City. c. Put two shovelfuls of coal on top of the wood. The fuel should be arranged loosely in order that theair may have free

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