Horseshoe Falls is a minor waterfall along Flat Fork in Caesar Creek Lake State Park in Ohio. I normally encounter it at low flow to very low flow. On this occasion, it was at high flow, following an all-day rain event in Ohio. Above the falls, the stream is bedrock-floored by Upper Ordovician limestone. At low flow, the rocks making up the drop-off can be seen - mostly soft, bluish-gray shales interbedded with some hard, erosion-resistant fossiliferous limestones. The rocks here are part of the Waynesville Formation (Richmondian Stage, upper Cincinnatian Series, upper Upper Ordovician).

The water color is due to turbidity (= suspended mud) and the presence of tannins (= derived from plant material).