English: Title: Bulletin

Identifier: bulletin3011907smit Year: 1901 (1900s) Authors: Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology Subjects: Ethnology Publisher: Washington : G. P. O. Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries

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Text Appearing Before Image: 260 CHICKAMAUGA CHICKASAW [b. a. e. 'cleared,' and implying a clearing— Gerard). A trilie of the Powhatan con- federacy, formerly living on Chicka- hominyr.,Va. It was one of the most important tribes in Virginia, numbering 250 warriors, or perhaps 900 souls, in 1608, and was not so directly under the control of Powhatan as the other tribes over which he ruled. In 1613 they en- tered into an alliance with the English and assumed the name of Tassautessus {sic), or "Englishmen." In 1669 they were still estimated at 60 warriors, possi- bly 220 souls, but in 1722 were reported to number only about 80. Their last public notice occurs in this same year, when, in connection with the Pamunkey, they were named in the Albany confer- ence with the Iroquois as among the Vir- ginia tribes not to be molested by the

Text Appearing After Image: CHICKAHOMINY WOMAN. (mOONEy) latter. A mixed-blood band numbering about 220 still keeps up the name, but without regular tribal organization, on both sides of Chickahominy r. in iSfew Kent and Charles City cos., Va., with Wm. H. Adkins as chief in 1905. They are on close terms of association with the neighboring bands of Pamunkey and Mattapony. On the origin and applica- tion of the name consult Tooker, Algonq. Sen, IX, 1900; Gerard in Am. Anthrop., VII, 224, 1905. (j. M.) Chechohomynies,—Smith, Works, Arber ed., Ixxv, 1884. Checkahomanies.—Harris, Voy. and Trav., I, 839,1705. Chekahomanies.—Ibid. Chicahamanias.— Smith (1629), Virginia, ll, 16, repr. 1S19. Chicho- minys.—Albany conference (1722) in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., V, 673, 1855. Chickahamanias.—Smith (1629), Virginia, ii, 27, repr. 1819. Chickaha- mines.—Strachey (co. 1612), Virginia, 51, 1849. Chickahomines.—Boudinot, Star in the West, 126, 1816. Chickahominys,—Spotswood (1712) in Va. Hist. Soc. Coll., n. s., l, 157, l.s.S2. Chickahomones.— Jefferson (17.H1) in .Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, v, 36, 1855. Chickahomonie,—Beverly, Virginia, 199, 1722. Chikahominy.—Martin, N. C, l, 78, 1829. Tassautessus.—Smith (1624), Works, Arber ed., 515, 1884 ('.strangers,' 'Englishmen,' an adopted name). Vttasantasough.—Simmonds (1612-24), ibid., 430. Chickamauga {Tsihumafgi, a word ap- parently of foreign origin and probably Shawnee, Creek, or Chickasaw). The name given to a band of Cherokee who espoused the English cause in the war of the Revolution and moved far down on Tennessee r., establishing new settle- ments on Chickamauga cr., in the neigh- borhood of the present Chattanooga. Under this name they soon became noted for their uncompromising and never- ceasing hostility. In 1782 their towns were destroyed by Sevier and Campbell, and they iiioved farther down the river, establishing what were afterward known as the "five lower towns," Running Water, Nickajack, Long Island, Crow Town, and Lookout Mountain Town. Here they were continually recruited by Creeks, Shawnee, and white Tories, until they were estimated to number a thou- sand warriors. They continued hostili- ties against the Tennessee settlements until 1794, when their towns were de- stroyed.—Mooney in 19th Rep. B. A. E., 54, 41.3, 537, 1900. Chickasaw. An important Muskhogean tribe, closely related to the Choctaw in language and customs, although the two tribes were mutually hostile. Aside from tradition, the earliest habitat trace- al)le for the Chickasaw is n. Mississippi. Their villages in the 18th century cen- tered about Pontotoc and Union cos., where the headwaters of the Tombigbee meet those of Yazoo r. and its affluent, the Tallahatchie, about where the De Soto narratives place them in 1540, under the name Chicaza. Their main landing place on the INIississippi was at Chick- asaw Bluffs, now the site of Memphis, Tenn., whence a trail more than 160 m. long led to their villages. They had two other landing places farther up the Mis- sissippi. Adair, who for many years was a trader among the Chickasaw and gives a full and circumstantial account of them (Hist. Am. Inds., 352-373, 1775), states that in 1720 they had four contigu- ous .settlements, and that the towns of one of these were Shatara, Chook'heereso, Hykehah, Tuskawillao, and Phalacheho. Two of the other settlements of which he gives the names were Yaneka, 6 m. long, and Chookka Phardah (Chukafalaya), 4 m. long. Romans (Florida, 63, 1775), describing their country and villages, says that they " live nearly in the center of an uneven and large nitrous savannah; have in it 1 town, Ij m. long, very narrow and

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