Identifier: gri_33125008050011 (find matches)
Title: Military and religious life in the Middle Ages and at the period of the Renaissance
Year: 1870 (1870s)
Authors: Jacob, P. L., 1806-1884
Subjects: Middle Ages Civilization, Medieval Civilization, Renaissance Costume Military art and science Christian life
Publisher: London : Bickers & Son
Contributing Library: Getty Research Institute
Digitizing Sponsor: Getty Research Institute

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of William Durand (Manuscript of theFourteenth Century), in the Library of M. Ambroise Firmin-Didot. most cases, during the first centuries, the bishop alone ministered in hisepiscopal city, particularly in the East (Fig. 222). After the fourth century we find that, in the East as at Rome, there wereother churches in the large towns besides the cathedral; the functions of theclergymen, or cardinals, who ministered in them were confined to giving thepeople religious instruction, and to keep the bishop informed of everythingrelating to the government of the church. Down to the fifth century, theadministration of the sacraments and the celebration of the holy communiontook place in the cathedral only. Pope St. Marcellus founded, in the fourthcentury, twenty-five titles or parishes in Rome, in order to afford greater 276 THE SECULAR CLERGY. facilities for the preparatory instruction by which the sacraments of baptismand penance were preceded. But in the fifth century, when the cathedrals
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Fig. 222.—The Go-jd Shepherd, whobe head appears as if crowned with seven stars, carrying thelost sheep upon his shoulders ; around him are collected the seven faithful sheep. On oneside Jonah is being vomited out by the great fish ; on the other he is lying beneath the gourd ;above him are the dove and Noahs Ark. The old man with a crown, with his hand raisedabove the clouds, and the woman with a crescent on the forehead, personify the sun and themoon.—Funereal lamp in baked clay of the Third Century, found in the Catacombs. In theChristian Museum of the Vatican. were found too small to hold all the congregation, it became the customto distribute, in the titles or parishes of the city, the holy eucharist THE SECULAR CLERGY. *11 which the bishop sent by the hands of deacons to the titulary clergy.The bishops also delegated to their clergy the power of receiving thereconciliation of the penitents in cases of necessity, of admitting hereticsin danger of death (but only in the bishop

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