Identifier: someapostlesofph00stir (find matches)
Title: Some apostles of physiology : being an account of their lives and labours, labours that have contributed to the advancement of the healing art as well as to the prevention of disease
Year: 1902 (1900s)
Authors: Stirling, William, 1851-1932
Subjects: Physiology Physiologists Physiology
Publisher: London : Priv. print. by Waterlow and sons limited
Contributing Library: West Virginia University Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: LYRASIS Members and Sloan Foundation

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uivalent to be 425 kilogramme-metres for 1°C. Joules researchesextended over a period of about nine years (1840-49), when thedynamical equivalent of heat was finally determined for mechanicalwork, electricity, electro-magnetism, and light. Once established inKonigsberg, Helmholtz solved, on a piece of frogs nerve two incheslong, a problem that, only a short time before, his great master,J. Midler, had declared to be incapable of solution, viz. : the rateof propagation of a nervous impulse or the excitatory state ina nerve. In 1851 he invented the ophthalmoscope, the year ofour first great International Exhibition—a discovery ratherthan an invention, a revelation transforming ophthalmology.W. Gumming and Briicke, in 1847, found a method of renderingthe normal eye luminous, and came very near the discovery. The whole world spoke of it; every one wanted to see theophthalmoscope, which revived long lost hope. In Bonn hestudied physiological optics, and worked out fully the mechanism of
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o > W°? 00 o CD DQ UJ w vcw Q zo DO en z < ( 107 ) accommodation, a discovery previously made by Cramer, a pupilof Donders. He also was busy with his researches on colour andcolour sensation. Thomas Young had previously asserted that red,green, and violet, are the three primary colour sensations. Helmholtzsattention was directed to the subject by Midlers doctrine of thespecific energy of nerves. His Handbaclv d. physiologischen Optikwas published from 1856 to 1867 (2nd ed. 1885-1894). At Bonn (1856) and Heidelberg (1871) he devoted himselflargely to the study of the sense of hearing, and his great work,Sensations of Tone as a Physiological Basis of Music, appeared in 1863,and his monograph (New. Syd. Soc.) on the Ossicles of the Ear in1869. In 1871 he returned to Berlin to succeed Magnus in the Chairof Physics. Here we need only remark that he was one of thegreatest men of the last century, and any one caring to read a fullaccount in English will find an excellent description o

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