Identifier: americanaunivers07newy (find matches)
Title: The Americana; a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc., of the world
Year: 1908 (1900s)
Authors:
Subjects: Encyclopedias and dictionaries
Publisher: New York : Scientific American Compiling Dept.
Contributing Library: University of California Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Internet Archive

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ts president 1857-9. Coincidentwith his teaching he studied law, was admittedto the bar in 1859, and, resigning his presidency,was elected to the Ohio State senate. The CivilWar breaking out. he threw himself enthusi-astically into the Northern cause, was commis-sioned lieutenant-colonel of the 42d Ohio, andgiven command of a brigade, with orders to op-erate as an independent force in eastern Ken-tucky, December 1861. With a force of i.ioomen and no artillery he signally deflated 5.000Confederates under the veteran general, Hum-phrey Marshall, driving them from fortified po-sitions of their own choosing, 10 Jan. 1862. Forthis exploit Lincoln promoted him brigadier-gen-eral. Subsequently he took part in the battle ofShiloh. in the operations around Corinth, andserved with distinction on several courts-martialat Washington, one being that of Gen. Fitz-JohnPorter (q.v.). Appointed chief of staff to Gen.Rosecrans. February 1863, his notable service?at Chickamauga (see Chick.\mauga, Battla
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JAMES ARRAM GARFIELD. TWENTIETH rRESIfiEXT OF THE UNITED STATES. GARGANO — GARIBALDI of) caused Lincoln to make him a major-gen-■eral, 19 Sept. 1863. In 1862 his home districthad elected him to Congress. Thus, within sixyears he had been president of a college. Statesenator, major-general, and representative-elect,a combination of honors without parallel in thenational annals. Upon the advice of Lincolnand Stanton he resigned his major-generalscommission 5 Dec. 1863 and took his seat as arepresentative on December 7. In this field histalents and genius found their true sphere. Hestepped to the front at once, taking a prominentpart in every debate of importance, and becomingan authority on questions of finance, tariff, edu-cation, and constitutional rights. Always thechampion of sound money, his speech in March1866 clearly outlined the policy which resultedin the resumption of specie payments I Jan.1879. An eminent contemporary has well saidof Garfields speeches that they are a com

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