Identifier: physicalgeograph00tarr (find matches)
Title: The physical geography of New York state
Year: 1902 (1900s)
Authors: Tarr, Ralph S. (Ralph Stockman), 1864-1912 Turner, E. T. (Ebenezer Tousey)
Subjects: Physical geography -- New York (State) Glacial epoch Great Lakes (North America) New York (State) -- Climate New York (State) -- Description and travel
Publisher: New York : The Macmillan company London, Macmillan & co., ltd.
Contributing Library: New York Public Library
Digitizing Sponsor: MSN

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Fin. 100. A wave-cut cliff in uneonsolidated strata on the shore of l.aki Mii-liii:an.That this cliff is l>eing cut back at the present time is proved Ky tin- :\\>-of vegetation on its face and by the very narrow lieai-li at Its base. height of the waves; IMII even in this /.one there is ;i stillsmaller belt of maximum wave attack, and along this beltthe waves saw into the rocks with a rapidity which in manyplaces is sufficient to be noticeable in a single lifetime.This /one of maximum wave action swings up and down with the tides, and this swing constitnte< of the ditVer- ences between lake and sea shores; but even in lake-, thefluctuations in level due to seiches ami other causes ( p. .IM )produce a certain swing in the /one of maximum waveattack. Where the waves are eatin-- into soft, anconsolidatedstrata, the removal of materials from the /.oi f Wave 310 The Physical Geography oj New York State
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FIG. 167. A wave-cut cliff on the shores of Lake Ontario, east of North FairhavenBay. This is a drumlin that the waves are cutting back at a very rapid rate.(J. O. Martin, photographer.) action undermines those layers that are above it, causing asuccession of slides and slips, and producing a cliff withthe slope which such materials naturally assume in the air(Figs. 166 and 167). With a continuation of these attackssuch a cliff is cut further and further back into the land,always maintaining a steep slope, and in general, free fromplant cover so long as the waves are able to remove the supplywhich they gain. From these bare slopes much rock mate-rial is washed into the water by the rain and rills, adding tothe burden of the waves. Such wave-cut cliffs of clay, sandand gravel are frequently found along the shores of theGreat Lakes and also in exposed places on the shores ofthe smaller lakes. Much the same result occurs where the waves beat Tin

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