Обсуждение:Итог Бородинского сражения
"Император Александр I не обманывался насчёт действительного положения дел"
[править код]Что означает эта таинственная фраза, и на каких источниках она основана? Александр настолько вдохновился известием про сражение при Бородино, что составил план по окружению Наполеона на Березине.
"In order to understand what happened on the banks of the Berezina in the last days of November, we must look back to early September, when Napoleon and Kutuzov fought at Borodino and both claimed victory there. Napoleon considered himself the victor since the Russians retreated from the battlefield and his 18th Bulletin proudly proclaimed ‘the victory was never uncertain’. But the Russians had a different view, and during the night after the battle, Kutuzov prepared a report describing with much fanfare the Russian victory at Borodino. The report reached St Petersburg on the night of 10/11 September and was presented to Emperor Alexander. The following day, as the Imperial family attended a mass at the Alexander of Neva Monastery, Kutuzov’s report was announced (and later published) to a joyous public. ..It was natural then for many to assume that with Napoleon defeated at Borodino, the Russian Army should undertake more aggressive measures to complete the enemy’s destruction. On 13 September, Emperor Alexander and his advisors, still unaware of the Russian retreat and the subsequent abandonment of Moscow, came up with a new plan of operations, which was entrusted to Flügel Adjutant Alexander Chernishev (the famed Russian spymaster who penetrated the French Ministry of War in 1810–1811) to deliver to Kutuzov. Chernishev found the retreating Russian Army only after Moscow had been surrendered and Kutuzov’s headquarters established at Krasnaya Pakhra on the old Kaluga Road. He presented the Russian commander-in-chief a set of orders designed to change the tide of the war. Kutuzov was permitted freedom of action according to circumstances, while Chichagov, Tormasov, Wittgenstein and Steinheil were given specific orders to follow.33 The ‘St Petersburg Plan’ – as this strategy became known – is often overlooked in campaign studies, although it is crucial for a correct evaluation of subsequent events at the Berezina. Not developed overnight, the plan was the product of a long list of strategic considerations. "
The Battle of the Berezina Alexander Mikaberidze